Reformation
Erasmus and the Basel Greek New Testament
In 1516, Desiderius Erasmus published Novum Instrumentum omne in Basel, printing the Greek text of the New Testament for the first time and transforming biblical scholarship forever.
Archive
Textual Criticism
Scholars
Westcott and Hort and the New Critical Text
The 1881 critical Greek text of Brooke Foss Westcott and Fenton John Anthony Hort shattered the dominance of the Textus Receptus and laid the methodological foundation for modern textual criticism.
Transmission
Tiqqune Soferim
Within the annals of textual transmission, few religious traditions have guarded the integrity of their sacred scriptures with the meticulous, mathematical rigor demonstrated by the Jewish scribes (Soferim) and their medieval successors,…
Transmission
New Testament Virtual Manuscript Room
The New Testament Virtual Manuscript Room, known in the field by the acronym NTVMR and accessible at the URL ntvmr.mnd.mn, is the principal online workspace of international New Testament textual criticism. It…
Transmission
The Latin Vulgate and Jerome’s Translation of the Bible
The Latin Vulgate is, in the modern inventory of biblical texts, the principal vernacular Bible of the western Christian tradition. The Vulgate was produced in the late 4th century by the Dalmatian-born…
Transmission
Codex Alexandrinus and the Fifth Century Bible
Codex Alexandrinus is, in the modern inventory of biblical manuscripts, one of the four great uncial codices of the 4th and 5th centuries, and it is, on substantial points of the textual…
Transmission
Codex Vaticanus and the Oldest Large Bible
Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209 is, in the modern inventory of biblical manuscripts, the manuscript that sits at the head of the textual criticism of the Greek New Testament and of substantial portions…
Transmission
Codex Sinaiticus and the Sinai Manuscript Tradition
Codex Sinaiticus is, in the modern inventory of biblical manuscripts, one of the four corner-stones of Greek New Testament textual criticism. Together with Codex Vaticanus, Codex Alexandrinus, and Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus, it…
Books
Emanuel Tov, Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible
The third edition of Emanuel Tov’s Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible, published in 2012 by Fortress Press, is the standard textbook on the subject, and a 2026 reader who wants a…